京都西本願寺（Kyoto Nishi Honganji Temple）
京都西本願寺（Kyoto Nishi Honganji Temple）
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簡短歷史
簡短歷史
**京都西本願寺（にしほんがんじ）**
**正式名称**：龍谷山 本願寺（りゅうこくざん ほんがんじ）
**宗派**：浄土真宗本願寺派 総本山
**：本尊 阿彌陀如來
**所在地**：京都市下京区堀川通花屋町下ル
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## **【基本情報】**
西本願寺是日本佛教浄土真宗本願寺派的总本山（最高寺院），与东本願寺（真宗大谷派）并列为日本最重要的佛教寺院之一。其建筑群被列为世界文化遗产，并以其壮丽的桃山时代建筑风格和丰富的文化遗产闻名。
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## **【歴史背景】**
1. **創立**（13世紀）
- 浄土真宗由親鸞聖人（1173–1263）创立，但本願寺作为教团中心是在其去世后由弟子和后人发展起来的。
- 1272年，親鸞的孫女覚信尼在京都東山大谷建立廟堂，供奉親鸞的遺骨，成为本願寺的前身。
2. **発展**（15–16世紀）
- 第8代法主・蓮如（1415–1499）复兴教团，使本願寺成为强大的宗教势力。
- 16世紀，第11代法主・顕如（1543–1592）时期，本願寺成为能与战国大名对抗的宗教武装势力，并长期与織田信長抗争（石山合戦，1570–1580）。
3. **京都移転**（1591年）
- 豊臣秀吉命本願寺迁至京都現址，后因继承问题分裂为：
- **西本願寺**（本願寺派）→ 由准如（顕如三男）继承，德川家康支持。
- **東本願寺**（大谷派）→ 1602年由教如（顕如長男）创立。
4. **江戸時代の繁栄**
- 西本願寺在江戸初期重建，形成現存的主要建筑，如御影堂、阿弥陀堂等。
5. **近代・現代**
- 1994年，被列入**世界文化遺産**（古都京都の文化財）。
- 至今仍是浄土真宗的核心寺院，并开放参观。
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## **【主要建築・見どころ】**
### **1. 国宝・重要文化財建築**
- **御影堂（ごえいどう）**（1636年再建）
- 世界最大級の木造建築之一，供奉親鸞聖人像。
- **阿弥陀堂（あみだどう）**（1760年再建）
- 供奉阿弥陀如来像，与御影堂并列。
- **唐門（からもん）**（国宝）
- 豪華な桃山様式の彫刻で「日暮らし門」とも呼ばれる。
- **飛雲閣（ひうんかく）**（国宝）
- 金閣・銀閣と並ぶ「京都三名閣」の一つ。
### **2. 庭園・その他**
- **虎渓庭園（こけいていえん）**
- 枯山水庭園で、静かな雰囲気が特徴。
- **書院（国宝）**
- 狩野派の障壁画や、日本最古の能舞台がある。
### **3. 行事・祭礼**
- **報恩講（ほうおんこう）**（11月）
- 親鸞聖人の法要で、浄土真宗最大の行事。
- **彼岸会（ひがんえ）**（春・秋）
- 先祖供養の法要。
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## **【観光情報】**
- **拝観時間**：5:30–17:00（季節により変動）
- **拝観料**：**無料**（但し、飛雲閣は特別公開時のみ有料）
- **アクセス**：
- JR「京都駅」から徒歩15分
- 市バス「西本願寺前」下車すぐ
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## **【まとめ】**
西本願寺は、浄土真宗の信仰の中心であると同時に、桃山時代の絢爛豪華な建築美を今に伝える歴史的遺産です。国宝や重要文化財が多く、無料で見学できるため、京都観光の定番スポットとして人気です。
History
**Nishi Honganji Temple (Nishi Honganji, Kyoto)**
**Official Name**: Ryukokuzan Honganji
**Sect**: Jodo Shinshu Honganji-style Sohonzan
**Location**: Hanayacho Shiteru, Horikawa-dori, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto
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## **[Basic Information]**
Nishi Honganji is the head temple (highest temple) of the Jodo Shinshu Honganji school of Japanese Buddhism. Along with Higashi Honganji (of the Shinshu Otani school), it is considered one of Japan's most important Buddhist temples. Its architectural complex is a World Heritage Site, renowned for its magnificent Momoyama period architecture and rich cultural heritage.
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## **[Historical Background]**
1. **Foundation** (13th century)
- The Jodo Shinshu sect was founded by Shinran Shonin (1173–1263), but Honganji, as the center of the sect, was developed after his death by his disciples and descendants.
- In 1272, Shinran's granddaughter, Kakushinni, established a temple in Higashiyama Otani, Kyoto, to enshrine Shinran's remains. This became the predecessor of Honganji.
2. **Development** (15th–16th centuries)
- The eighth head priest, Rennyo (1415–1499), revived the sect, making Honganji a powerful religious institution.
- In the 16th century, during the reign of the 11th head priest, Kennyo (1543–1592), Honganji became a powerful religious force capable of rivaling the daimyo of the Warring States period, and engaged in a protracted struggle against Oda Nobunaga (the Ishiyama Campaign, 1570–1580).
3. **Kyoto Relocation** (1591)
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the relocation of Honganji to its present location in Kyoto. Later, due to succession disputes, the temple split into the following:
- **Nishi Honganji** (Honganji sect) → Successor Junnyo (Kennyo's third son), supported by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
- **Higashi Honganji** (Otani sect) → Founded in 1602 by Kyonnyo (Kennyo's eldest son).
4. **Prosperity of the Edo Period**
- Nishi Honganji was rebuilt in the early Edo period, resulting in its current main buildings, such as the Miei-do Hall and the Amida-do Hall.
5. Modern and Contemporary History
- In 1994, it was designated a World Cultural Heritage Site (Cultural Properties of Ancient Kyoto).
- It remains a core temple of the Jodo Shinshu sect and is open to the public.
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## **[Main Buildings: Kyoto]**
### **1. National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties**
- **Goeido Hall (Rebuilt in 1636)
- One of the world's largest wooden buildings, it houses a statue of Shinran Shonin.
- **Amida Hall (Rebuilt in 1760)
- It houses a statue of Amida Nyorai, standing alongside the Goeido Hall.
- **Tangmen (からもん)** (National Treasure)
- Luxurious Momoyama-style carving "Higurashi Gate" and "Higurashi Gate".
- **Feiyun Pavilion (ひうんかく)** (National Treasure)
- The combination of the Golden Pavilion and the Silver Pavilion is one of the "Three Three Pavilions in Kyoto".
### **2. Garden・その他**
- **Torabu Garden（こけいていえん）**
- The dry landscape garden is characterized by its tranquility and peaceful atmosphere.
- **Academy (National Treasure)**
- Kano style barrier murals and Japan's oldest noh stage.
### **3. Acts and rituals**
- **Repaying kindness (ほうおんこう)** (November)
- The key to the Dharma of Shinran Sage and the greatest act of Jodo Shinshu.
- **Higanhui（ひがんえ）** (Spring・Autumn)
- The key to the ancestral offerings.
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## **[Viewing Information]**
- **Viewing time**: 5:30–17:00 (seasonal changes)
- **拝泳片**: **No material** (However, there is information when Feiyungaku is specially released)
- **アクセス**：
- 15 minutes walk from JR "Kyoto Station"
- Get off the bus at "Nishi Honganji-mae" in the city.
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## **【まとめ】**
Nishi Honganji Temple, the center of Jodo Shinshu faith, and the same time, and the splendid and luxurious architectural beauty of the Momoyama period are the legacy of the present era. National treasure, important cultural property, が多く, 无码看学できるため, Kyoto Kanmitsu no fixed panel スポットとして人気です.
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